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Introduction to the Rhetoric Program

 

Rhetoric is the art of using language to effectively argue a claim by persuading or convincing an audience. Rhetoric is, originally, a spoken art, developed more than 2,500 years ago in Ancient Greece where all important public debate was conducted orally in an open forum. Those individuals that spoke in convincing or persuasive manners were known as great rhetors. Many schools of rhetoric were started to teach the art to interested students. Each school offered a different philosophical as well as methodological approach to the art and practice of rhetoric.

When writing became a more a common practice, both as a method of public discourse and information archive, rhetoric, as a spoken art, began to fall out of favor. The various components of classical rhetoric have migrated to different parts of the University: discovery to the sciences, planning to business, and delivery to performing arts. Writing, as a form of rhetoric, is often found in English or Humanities departments where the emphasis continues to be on the use of language to convince or persuade and on learning to effectively critique and construct arguments.

 

An Example of Oral/Written Rhetoric


Rhetoric may change with circumstances or perceived political gain. Still, the main purpose remains to persuade or convince an audience to think, believe, or act a certain way. Here is an example of how the rhetoric associated with the Iraq war changed with regard to the question of weapons of mass destruction. Note that as the emphasis on the characterization changes from weapons of mass destruction to simply weapons, the point that the speaker, President George W. Bush, would convince us of is the justification for the invasion of Iraq led by the United States.

Nov. 16, 2002
"Our goal is the disarmament of Iraq. . . . The dictator of Iraq will give up his weapons of mass destruction, or the United States will lead a coalition to disarm him."

Mar. 19, 2003
"The people of the United States and our friends and allies will not live at the mercy of an outlaw regime that threatens the peace with weapons of mass murder," Bush said as the invasion began.

Apr. 24, 2003
"(Saddam) tried to fool the United Nations and did for 12 years by hiding these weapons. And so it's going to take time to find them. . . . But we know he had them. And whether he destroyed them, moved them or hid them, we're going to find out the truth."

May 29, 2003
"We discovered weapons manufacturing facilities that were condemned by the United Nations."

Dec. 19, 2003
In an interview with ABC News/Primetime, Bush dismissed the distinction between actually having weapons and planning to acquire them. "So what's the difference?" he asked in response to a question about whether Iraq had weapons of mass destruction or was just trying to acquire them. "If he (Saddam) were to acquire weapons, he would be the danger."

 

An Example of Visual Rhetoric

Like oral or written rhetoric, visual rhetoric attempts to persuade or convince a "reader" of a desired conclusion. But where oral and/or written rhetoric uses the power of language, visual rhetoric uses, primarily, the power of graphic images and/or graphic design. The purpose of the visual rhetoric in these images is to question the leadership ability of President George W. Bush.









 



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