| Publications | Conference Presentations |
| Manuscripts Submitted | Invited Talks and Colloquia |
| Technical Reports | Media Coverage of Research |
Publications
O’Toole, A. J. & Natu, V. (2013, accepted). Computational perspectives on the other race effect. Visual Cognition.
Natu, V. & O’Toole, A. J. (2013, accepted). Neural perspectives on the other race effect. Visual Cognition.
Rice, A., Phillips, P. J., Natu, V., An, X., & O’Toole, A. J. (in press). Unaware person recognition from the body when face identification fails. Psychological Science.
Phillips, P. J., Beveridge, J. R., Draper, B. A., Givens, G., O’Toole, A. J., Bolme, D., Dunlop, J., Lui, Y. M., Sahizada, H. & Wiemer, S. (2012). An Introduction to the Good, Bad, & Ugly Challenge Problem. Image & Vision Computing, 30(3), 177-185.
O’Toole, A.J., An, X., Dunlop, J.P., Natu, V. & Phillips, P.J. (2012). Comparing face recognition algorithms to humans on challenging tasks. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception. 9(4), Article 16.
O’Toole, A. J., Phillips, P.J., An, X. & Dunlop, J. (2012). Demographic effects on estimates of automatic face recognition. Image & Vision Computing 30(3),169-176.
Phillips, P.J., Beveridge, J. R., Draper, B. A., Givens, G., O’Toole, A.J., Bolme, D. Dunlop, J. Lui, Y. M. Sahizada, H. & Wiemer, S. (2012). An Introduction to the Good, Bad, & Ugly Challenge Problem. Image & Vision Computing, 30(3), 177-185.
Tistarelli, M., Barrett, S. E., & O’Toole, A.J. (2012). Face recognition, facial expression, and intention detection. In (Eds. Emilio Mordini and D. Tzovaras) Second generation biometrics: The Ethical, legal and social context. Springer Books.
O’Toole, A. J. (2011). A comparative examination of face recognition by humans and machines. In (Eds. S. Li & A. Jain). Handbook of Face Recognition (2nd Edition). Springer-Verlag, London Ltd., UK.
O’Toole, A. J. (2011). Cognitive and Computational Approaches to Face Perception. In (Eds. A. Calder, G. Rhodes, M. Johnson, & J. V. Haxby). Oxford Handbook of Face Perception. Oxford University Press, Oxford: UK.
Natu, V. & O’Toole, A. J. (2011). The neural processing of familiar and unfamiliar faces: A review and synopsis. British Journal of Psychology, 102, 726-747.
Natu, V., Raboy, D. & O’Toole, A. J. (2011). Neural correlates of own-race and other-race face perception: Spatial and temporal response differences. NeuroImage, 53(3), 2547-2555.
O’Toole, A. J., Weimer, S. Dunlop, J. Barwick, R. Ayyad, J. & Phillips, P. J. (in press, 2010). Recognizing people from dynamic video: Dissecting identity with a fusion approach. Vision Research, 51, 74-83. doi:10.1016/.visres.2010.09.035
O’Toole, A. J. & Roark, D. A. (2010). Memory for moving faces: The interplay of two recognition systems. In (Eds. C. Curio, H.H. Bülthoff, M. Giese). Dynamic Faces: Insights from Experiments and Computation. MIT Press, Cambridge: MA.
Phillips, P.J., Narvekar, A., Jiang, F. & O’Toole, A. J. (2010). An other-race effect for face recognition algorithms. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception, 8(2), ART 14.
Natu, V. S., Jiang, F. Narvekar, A., Keshvari, S., Blanz, V. & O’Toole, A. J. (2010). Dissociable neural patterns of facial identity across changes in viewpoint. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22(7), 1570-1582.
Phillips, P.J., Scruggs, W. T., O’Toole, A.J., Flynn, P. J., Bowyer, K. W., Schott, C. L., Sharpe, M. (2010). FRVT 2006 and ICE 2006 large-scale experimental results. IEEE: Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 32(5), 831-846.
Quinn, P. C., Conforto, A., Lee, K., O’Toole, A. J., Pascalis, O. Slater, A. M. (2010). Infant preference for individual women’s faces extends to girl prototype faces. Infant Behavior and Development, 33, 357-360.
Barrett, S.E., & O’Toole, A.J. (2009). Face adaptation to gender: Does adaptation transfer across age categories? Visual Cognition, 17(5), 700-715.
Jiang, F., Blanz, V. & O’Toole, A. J. (2009). Three-dimensional information in face representation revealed by identity aftereffects.Psychological Science, 20(3), 318- 325.
Phillips, P.J., Flynn, P. J., Beveridge, R., Scruggs, W. T., O’Toole, A.J., Bolme, D., Bowyer, K. W., Givens, G. H., Lui, Y.M., Sahibzada, H. Scallan, J. Weimer, S. (2009). Overview of the Multiple Biometrics Grand Challange. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Biometrics, 2009.
Otsuka, Y., Konishi, Y., Yamaguchi, M., Abdi, H. & O’Toole, A.J. (2009). The recognition of moving and static faces by young infants. Child Development, 80(4), 1259-1271.
O’Toole, A. J. & Tistarelli, M. (2009). Face recognition by humans and machines. In (Ed. M. Tistarelli, S. Li, & R. Chellappa). Handbook of remote biometrics for surveillance and security. Springer-Verlag.
O’Toole, A. J., Phillips, P.J., Narvekar, A. (2008). Humans versus algorithms Comparisons from the Face Recognition Vendor Test 2006. Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition.
Jiang, F., Blanz, V. & O’Toole, A.J. (2007). The role of familiarity in three-dimensional view transferability of face identity adaptation. Vision Research, 47(4), 525-531.
O’Toole, A.J., Abdi, H., Jiang, F. & Phillips, P.J. (2007). Fusing face recognition algorithms and humans. IEEE: Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics, 37(5), 1149-1155.
O’Toole, A. J., Jiang, F., Abdi, H., Penard, N., Dunlop, J. P. & Parent, M. A. (2007). Theoretical, statistical, and practical perspectives on pattern-based classification approaches to functional neuroimaging analysis. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19, 1735-1752.
O’Toole, A. J., Phillips, P. J., Jiang, F., Ayyad, J., Pénard, N., & Abdi, H. (2007). Face recognition algorithms surpass humans matching faces across changes in illumination. IEEE: Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 29(9), 1642-1646.
Jiang, F., Blanz, V. & O’Toole, A. J. (2006). Probing the visual representation of faces with adaptation: A view from the other side of the mean. Psychological Science, 17, 493-500.
O’Toole, A.J., Abdi, H., Jiang, F. & Phillips, P.J. (2006). Fusing individual algorithms and humans improves face recognition accuracy. In (G. Bebis et al., Eds.) Advances in Visual Computing. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, pp 447-456.
O’Toole, A. J., Jiang, F., Roark, D. & Abdi, H. (2006) Predicting human performance for face recognition. In (R.Chellappa and W. Zhao, Eds.) Face Processing: Advanced models and methods. Academic Press, pp. 293-320.
Roark, D. A., Barrett, S. E., O’Toole, A. J. & Abdi, H. (2006). Learning the moves: The effect of familiarity and facial motion on person recognition across large changes in viewing format. Perception, 35, 761-773.
Abdi, H., Valentin, D., O'Toole, A.J., Edelman, B. (2005). DISTATIS: The analysis of multiple distance matrices.Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society: International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. (San Diego, CA, USA).
O’Toole, A. J., Harms, J., Snow, S. L., Hurst, D. R., Pappas, M. R. & Abdi, H. (2005). A video database of moving faces and people. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 27(5), 812-816.
O’Toole, A. J., Jiang, F., Abdi, H. & Haxby, J. V. (2005). Partially distributed representations of objects and faces in ventral temporal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(4), 580-590.
O’Toole, A. J. (2004) Psychological and neural perspectives on human face recognition. In (S. Z. Li, A. Jain, Eds.) Handbook of Face Recognition. Springer-Verlag, pp. 349- 370.
Roark, D., Barrett, S. E., Spence, M. J., Abdi, H., & O’Toole, A.J. (2003). Psychological and neural perspectives on the role of facial motion in face recognition. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 2(1), 15-46.
Roark, D., O’Toole, A.J. & Abdi, H. (2003). “Human recognition of familiar and unfamiliar people in naturalistic video,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures, International Conference on Computer Vision, Nice, France.
Furl, N., Phillips, P. J., & O’Toole, A. J. (2002). Face recognition algorithms as models of the other-race effect. Cognitive Science, 96, 1-19.
O’Toole, A. J. (2002) Face recognition, psychology and connectionism. In (M. Arbib, Ed.) Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks. MIT Press.
O’Toole, A. J. (2002). The psychology of face perception. In The Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. London: Macmillan.
O’Toole, A. J. Roark, D. & Abdi, H. (2002). Recognition of moving faces: A psychological and neural framework. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 261-266.
Cheng, Y., O’Toole, A. J., & Abdi, H. (2001). Sex classification of adults’ and children’s faces: Computational investigations of subcategorical feature encoding. Cognitive Science, 25, 819-838.
Edelman, S. and O'Toole, A. J. (2001). Viewpoint generalization in face recognition: The role of category-specific processses. In (M. Wenger & J. Townsend, Eds.)
Computational, geometric, and process perspectives on facial cognition: Contexts
and challenges. Larwrence Erlbaum, pp 397-428.
Leopold, D. A., O’Toole, A. J., Vetter, T. & Blanz, V. (2001). Prototype-referenced
shape encoding revealed by high-level aftereffects. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 89-94.
O’Toole, A. J. & Abdi, H. (2001). Face recognition models. In N. J. Smelser and P. B. Baltes (Eds.) International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Pergamon, Oxford, p 5223-5226.
O'Toole, A. J., Wenger, M., & Townsend, J. T. (2001). Quantitative models of perceiving
and remembering faces Precedents and possibilities. Introduction chapter. In (M.
Wenger & J. Townsend, Eds.) Computational, geometric, and process perspectives
on facial cognition: Contexts and challenges. Lawrence Erlbaum. pp 1-38.
Blanz, V., O'Toole, A. J., Vetter, T. & Wild, H. A. (2000). On the other side of the mean:
The perception of dissimilarity in human faces. Perception, 29(8), 885-891.
Deffenbacher, K. A., Johanson, J., Vetter, T. O’Toole, A. J. (2000). The face typicalityrecognizability
relationship : Encoding or retrieval locus. Memory and Cognition, 28,
1173-1182.
O’Toole, A. J., Bartlett, J. C. & Abdi, H. (2000). A signal detection model applied to the
stimulus: Understanding covariances in face recognition experiments in the context of
face sampling distributions. Visual Cognition, 7(4), 437-463.
O’Toole, A. J., Phillips, P. J., Cheng, Y. Ross, B. & Wild, H.A. (2000). Face recognition algorithms as models of human face processing. Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press, pp 552-557.
Wild, H. A., Barrett, S. E., Spence, M., O'Toole, A. J., Cheng, Y. & Brooke, J. (2000). Recognition and sex categorization of adults' and children's faces: Examining performance in the absence of sex stereotyped cues. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 77, 269-291.
O'Toole, A. J., Price, T., Vetter, T., Bartlett, J.C. & Blanz, V. (1999). 3D shape and 2D
textures of human faces : The role of "averages" in attractiveness and age. Image
Vision and Computing, 18, 9-19.
O'Toole, A. J., Vetter, T. & Blanz, V. (1999). Two-dimensional reflectance and threedimensional
shape contributions to recognition of faces across viewpoint. Vision
Research, 39, 3145-3155.
Deffenbacher, K. A. Vetter, T., Johanson, J. O'Toole, A. J. (1998). Facial aging, attractiveness, and distinctiveness. Perception, 27,1233-1244.
Deffenbacher, K. A., Hendrickson, C., Huff, D. O’Toole, A. J. & Abdi, H. (1998).
Manipulating face gender : Effects on categorization and recognition judgments.
Journal of Biological Systems, 6(2), 219-239.
O’Toole, A. J., Deffenbacher, K. A., Valentin, D., McKee, K., Huff, D., & Abdi, H.
(1998). The perception of face gender: The role of stimulus structure in recognition
and classification. Memory & Cognition, 26, 146-160.
O’Toole, A. J., Edelman, S. & Bülthoff, H. H. (1998). Stimulus-specific effects in face
recognition over changes in viewpoint. Vision Research, 38, 2351-2363.
Price, T. O'Toole, A. J. & Dambach, K. (1998). A moving cast shadow diminishes the Pulfrich phenomenon. Perception, 27, 591-594.
Abdi, H., Valentin, D., & O’Toole, A. J. (1997). A generalized autoassociator for face processing and sex categorization: From principal component analysis to multivariate analysis. In (Ed. D. Levine). Optimality in Biological and Artificial Networks? Larwrence Erlbaum.
O'Toole, A. J., Vetter, T., Volz, H. & Salter, E. M. (1997). Three-dimensional caricatures
of human heads: Distinctiveness and the perception of facial age. Perception, 26,
719-732.
O’Toole, A. J., Vetter, T., Troje, N. F. & Bülthoff, H. H. (1997). Sex classification is
better with three-dimensional head structure than with image intensity information.
Perception, 26, 75-84.
O’Toole, A. J. & Walker, C. L. (1997). On the preattentive accessibility of stereoscopic disparity : Evidence from visual search. Perception & Psychophysics, 59, 202-218.
Santrock, J. & O’Toole, A. J. (1997). Text Book Chapter, Methods. In Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior. Dubuque: Wm. C. Brown Publishers.
Santrock, J. & O’Toole, A. J. (1997). Text Book Chapter, Sensation. In Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior. Dubuque: Wm. C. Brown Publishers.
Santrock, J. & O’Toole, A. J. (1997). Text Book Chapter, Perception. In Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior. Dubuque: Wm. C. Brown Publishers.
Valentin, D., Abdi, H., Edelman, B. O'Toole, A.J. (1997). Principal component and neural network analyses of face images: What can be generalized in gender classification? Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 41, 398-413.
Abdi, H., Valentin, D., Edelman, B. & O’Toole, A. J. (1996). A Widrow-Hoff learning
rule for a generalization of the linear auto-associator. Journal of Mathematical
Psychology, 40, 175-182.
O’Toole, A. J. (1996). Book Review of Object and Face Recognition, V. Bruce & G.
Humphreys, (London: Lawrence Erlbaum), Contemporary Psychology, 41, pp. 1111.
O’Toole, A. J., Deffenbacher, K. A., & Peterson, J. (1996). An “other-race effect” for
classifying faces by sex. Perception, 25, 669-676.
O’Toole, A. J., & Edelman, S. (1996). Face distinctiveness in recognition across
viewpoint: An analysis of the statistical structure of face spaces. Proceedings of the
2nd International Workshop on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition. Los
Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press, pp 10-15.
Abdi, H., Valentin, D., Edelman, B. & O’Toole, A. J. (1995). More about the difference between men and women: Evidence from linear networks and the principal component approach. Perception, 24, 539-562.
O’Toole, A. J., Abdi, H., & Valentin, D. (1995). Face recognition with a neural network.
In M. A. Arbib (Ed.) The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks.
Cambridge:Bradford Books/MIT Press.
O’Toole, A. J., Abdi, H., Deffenbacher, K. A. & Valentin, D. (1995). A perceptual
learning theory of the information in faces. (Ed. T. Valentine). Cognitive and
Computational Aspects of Face Recognition. London, England:Routledge Ltd.
O’Toole, A. J., Bülthoff, H. H., Troje, N. F. & Vetter, T. (1995). Face recognition across large viewpoint changes. In (M. Bischel) Proceedings of the International Workshop on Automatic Face and Getsure Recognition. Multimedia Laboratory, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Zürich.
Valentin, D., Abdi, H., O’Toole, A. J., & Cottrell, G. W. (1994). Connectionist models
of face processing: A survey. Pattern Recognition, 27, 1209-1230.
O’Toole, A. J., Deffenbacher, K. A., Valentin, D., & Abdi, H., (1994). Structural
aspects of face recognition and the other-race effect. Memory and Cognition, 22,
208-224.
O’Toole, A. J. & Nguyen, T. H. (1994). Neural network simulations of distributed
versus interval disparity cell codings. Journal of Biological Systems, 2, 385-399.
Valentin, D., Abdi, H., & O’Toole, A. J. (1994). Categorization and identification of
human face images by a neural network: A review of linear autoassociative and
principal components approaches. Journal of Biological Systems, 2, 413-429.
O’Toole, A. J., Abdi, H., Deffenbacher, K. A., & Valentin, D. (1993). Low dimensional
representation of faces in higher dimensions of the face space. Journal of the Optical
Society of America A, 10, 405-410.
O’Toole, A. J. & Thompson, J. (1993). An XWindows Tool for synthesizing face images from eigenvectors. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 25, 41-47.
O’Toole, A. J. & Kersten, D. J. (1992). Learning to see random-dot stereograms.
Perception, 21, 227-243.
O’Toole, A. J., Abdi, H., Deffenbacher, K. A., Bartlett, J. (1991). Classifying faces by
race and sex using an autoassociative memory trained for recognition. Proceedings of
the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Lawrence
Erlbaum Hillsdale: NJ. (Eds. Hammond K. J., Gentner, D.) pp 847-851.
O’Toole, A. J., Deffenbacher, K. A., Abdi, H., & Bartlett, J. (1991). Simulating the“other-race effect” as a problem in perceptual learning. Connection Science: Journal of Neural Computing, Artificial Intelligence, and Cognitive Research, 3, 163-178.
O’Toole, A. J. (1990). Book Review of Neural computing: Theory and practice. by P.D. Wasserman, Neural Networks, 3, 713-716.
O’Toole, A. J. (1989). Structure from stereo by associative learning of the constraints. Perception. 18, 767-782.
O’Toole, A. J. & Abdi, H. (1989). Connectionist approaches to visually based feature
extraction. In G. Tiberghien (Ed.) Advances in Cognitive Psychology, (Vol 2).
London: John Wiley pp 1-13.
O’Toole, A. J., Millward, R. B., & Anderson, J. A. (1988). A physical system approach to recognition memory for spatially transformed faces. Neural Networks, 1, 179-199.
Kersten, D. J., O’Toole, A. J., Sereno, M. E., Knill, D. C. & Anderson, J. A. (1987).
Associative learning of scene parameters from images. Applied Optics, 26, 4999-5006.
Howard, J. H., O’Toole, A. J. & Rice, S. (1986). The role of frequency and informational
cues in uncertain frequency detection. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,
79, 788-791.
Millward, R. B. & O’Toole, A. J. (1986). Spatial frequencies and memory for faces. In
H. D. Ellis, M. A. Jeeves, F. Newcomb, A. W. Young (Eds.) Aspects of Face
Processing. Dordredit: M. Nijhoff.
O’Toole, A. J. (1985). A word processing-linked FORTRAN data base of journal and book references. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 17, 126-127.
Howard, J. H., O’Toole, A. J., Parasuraman, R. & Bennett, K. B. (1984). Pattern-directed
attention in uncertain frequency detection. Perception & Psychophysics, 35, 256-264.
Bennett, K. B., Parasuraman, R., Howard, J. H., & O’Toole, A. J. (1984). Auditory
induction of discrete tones in signal detection tasks. Perception & Psychophysics, 35,
570-578.
Manuscripts Submitted
Rice, A., Phillips, P. J. & O’Toole, A. J. (under review). The role of the face and body in person identification.
Technical Reports
Phillips, P.J., Narvekar, A., Jiang, F. & O’Toole, A. J. (2010.). An other-race effect for face recognition algorithms. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Technical Report NISTIR 7666, February, 2010.
Phillips, P.J., Scruggs, W., T. O’Toole, A. J., Flynn, P. J., Bowyer, K. W., Schott, C. L., Sharpe, M. (2008). FRVT 2006 and ICE 2006 Large Scale Results. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Technical Report NISTIR 7498, March, 2007.
Phillips, P.J., Scruggs, W., T. O’Toole, A. J., Flynn, P. J., Bowyer, K. W., Schott, C. L., Sharpe, M. (2007). FRVT 2006 and ICE 2006 Executive Summary. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Technical Report. June 22, 2007.
Phillips, P.J., Scruggs, W., T. O’Toole, A. J., Flynn, P. J., Bowyer, K. W., Schott, C. L., Sharpe, M. (2007). FRVT 2006 and ICE 2006 Large Scale Results. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Technical Report NISTIR 7498, March, 2007.
O'Toole, A. J., Vetter, T., Volz, H. & Salter, E. M. (1997). As we get older, do we get more distinct? Technical Report 49, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
O’Toole, A. J., Edelman, S. & Bülthoff, H. H. (1996). Stimulus-specific effects in face
recognition over changes in viewpoint. Technical Report 31, Max Planck Institute for
Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
O’Toole, A. J., Bülthoff, H. H., Troje, N. F., & Vetter, T. (1995). Face recognition across large changes in viewpoint. Technical Report 9, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
O’Toole, A. J., Bülthoff, H. H., C. L. Walker (1995). Face recognition across viewpoint.
Technical Report 21, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen,
Germany.
O’Toole, A. J., Vetter, T., Bülthoff, H. H. & Troje, N. F. (1995) The role of texture and three-dimensional shape in sex classification. Technical Report 23, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
Conference Presentations
Phillips, P.J., Beveridge, J. R., Draper, B. A., Givens, G., O’Toole, A. J., Bolme, D. Dunlop, J. Lui, Y. M. Sahizada, H. & Wiemer, S. (2011). An Introduction to the Good, Bad, & Ugly Challenge Problem. Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition.
Natu, V., Raboy, D. & O’Toole, A. J. (2010). Differential spatial and temporal response patterns for own- and other-race faces. 10th Annual Meeting of the Vision Science Society, Naples, FL, May, 2010.
O’Toole, A. J., Weimer, S. Dunlop, J. Barwick, R. Ayyad, J. & Phillips, P. J. (2010). Recognizing people from dynamic video: Dissecting identity with a fusion approach. 10th Annual Meeting of the Vision Science Society, Naples, FL, May, 2010.
Raboy, D., Sekunova, A., Scheel, M., Natu, V., Weimer, S. Duchaine, B., Barton, J. & O’Toole, A. J. (2010) The recognition of static versus dynamic faces in
prosopagnosia. 10th Annual Meeting of the Vision Science Society, Naples, FL, May,
2010.
O’Toole, A. J., Phillips, P.J. Weimer, S., Barwick, R. & Ayyad, J. (2009). Recognizing
people from dynamic video: Dissecting identity with a fusion approach. 50th Annual
Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Boston: MA, Nov 19th-22nd.
Natu, V., Wolfe, C., Jain, J., O’Toole, A. J. (2009). Dissociable neural responses for Caucasian versus Asian faces using a pattern-classification approach. Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, Chicago, IL, Oct. 19, 2009.
O’Toole, A. J. (2008). Understanding the neural representation of facial identity and
viewpoint: A pattern-classification approach. Invited Presentation. Winter
Conference on Brain Research, Copper Mountain, CO, Jan. 26, 2009.
Natu, V., Jiang, F., Narvekar, A., Keshvari, S., & O’Toole, A. J. Dissociable
representations of view-invariant facial identity in ventral temporal cortex. Annual
Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC, Nov. 16, 2008.
O’Toole, A. J., Phillips, P. J., Narvekar, A., Jiang, F., & Ayyad, J. Face recognition
algorithms and the other-race effect. 8th Annual Meeting of the Vision Science
Society, Naples, FL, May, 2008.
Natu, V., Jiang, F., Narvekar, A., Keshvari, S., & O’Toole, A. J. Representations of facial
identity over changes in viewpoint. 8th Annual Meeting of the Vision Science Society,
Naples, FL, May, 2008.
Narvekar, A., Phillips, P. J., Jiang, F. & O’Toole, A. J. Illumination effects on the inverse
relationship between face typicality and recognition. 8th Annual Meeting of the
Vision Science Society, Naples, FL, May, 2007.
Barrett, S. E., O’Toole, A. J., & Richards, L. Familiarity and emotion adaptation. 7th
Annual Meeting of the Vision Science Society, Sarasota, FL, May, 2007.
Natu-Wasson, V., Müller, K.M. & O’Toole, A.J. Transfer of adaptation between simple
visual forms and faces. 7th Annual Meeting of the Vision Science Society, Sarasota,
FL, May, 2007.
Jiang, F., Blanz, V. & O’Toole, A. J., Transfer of face adaptation effects across changes
in illumination. 7th Annual Meeting of the Vision Science Society, Sarasota, FL, May,
2007.
Otsuka, Y. Kanazawa, S. Yamaguchi, M., Abdi, H, & O’Toole, A. J., The development
of face discrimination skill in infants. 7th Annual Meeting of the Vision Science
Society, Sarasota , FL, May, 2007.
Roark, D. A. O’Toole, A. J. & Abdi, H. (2007) The role of diversification of experience
during learning on person recognition from novel viewing formats. Seventh Meeting
of the Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. Lewiston, Maine, July
2007.
Barrett, S. E., O’Toole, A. J., Jiang, F. Chomiak, L. B., Gray, A. L. Highhill, D.S.,
Gender adaptation effects across shape-based categories of faces. 6th Annual Meeting
of the Vision Science Society, Sarasota , FL, May, 2006.
Jiang, F., Blanz, V., & O’Toole, A. J. (2006). The role of familiarity in view-based
transferability of face identity adaptation. 6th Annual Meeting of the Vision Science
Society, Sarasota,
O’Toole, A. J., Phillips, P. J., Jiang, F. Ayyad, J. Pénard, N. & Abdi, H. (2006). Face
recognition algorithms surpass humans matching face images that vary in
illumination. 6th Annual Meeting of the Vision Science Society, Sarasota, FL, May,
2006.
Roark, D. A., Abdi, H., & O’Toole, A. J. (2006). When does an unfamiliar face become
familiar? The effect of image type and familiarity on face recognition. 6th Annual
Meeting of the Vision Science Society, Sarasota, FL, May, 2006.
O’Toole, A. J. (2005). Pattern-based classification of fMRI data: A “brain-reading” approach to understanding neural representation. Neural Information Processing
Systems Workshop on Decoding brain states with machine learning: Applications to
fMRI. Dec 9, Whistler, BC, Canada.
O’Toole, A. J., Jiang, F. & Blanz, V. (2005). Three-dimensional shape and surface
reflectance contributions to opponent-based face identity adaptation. 5th Annual
Meeting of the Vision Science Society, Sarasota, FL, May, 2005.
Otsuka Y., Kanazawa, S., Yamaguchi, M. K., O’Toole, A. J., & Abdi, H. (2005). The
effect of motion information on infants’ recognition of unfamiliar faces. Japanese
Psychomonic Society Meeting.
Jiang, F., O’Toole, A. J., Abdi, H., & Haxby, J. Partially distributed representations of
objects and faces in ventral temporal cortex: evidence from the structure of object
categories and neural response patterns. Vision Sciences Society: 4th Annual Meeting.
Sarasota FL, May, 2004.
O’Toole, A. J., Ayyad, J., Franklin, R., Goswami, S., Wu, A., Roark, D. A. & Abdi, H.
(2004). Perceptual matching of identity between faces and video. Vision Sciences
Society: 4th Annual Meeting. Sarasota FL, May, 2004.
Roark, D. A., Barrett, S. E., Abdi, H., O’Toole, A. J. (2004). Repetition-based familiarity
improves person recognition in novel contexts. Vision Sciences Society: 4th Annual
Meeting. Sarasota FL, May, 2004.
O’Toole, A. J., Jiang, F. & Blanz, V. (2004). Facial identity adaptation induced by shapeand
reflectance-normalized antifaces. 45th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic
Society, Minneapolis, MN, Nov, 2004.
O’Toole, A.J., Haxby, J. & Abdi, H. (2003). Classification-based approaches to the
analysis of functional neuroimaging data. Vision Sciences Society: 3nd Annual
Meeting. Sarasota FL, May, 2003.
Roark, D. A., O’Toole, A. J. & Abdi, H. (2003) Recognizing people from naturalistic
video: The effects of motion and familiarity. Vision Sciences Society: 3nd Annual
Meeting. Sarasota FL, May, 2003.
Abdi, H. Jiang, F., O’Toole, A. J., & Haxby, J. V. (2003). Pattern-based analyses for
brain-imaging data: Applications to face processing. 44rd Annual Meeting of the
Psychonomic Society, Vancouver, BC, Nov, 2003.
O’Toole, A. J., Roark, D. & Abdi, H. (2002). Recognizing people from naturalistic video:
The effects of facial motion and familiarity. Vision Sciences Society: 3nd Annual
Meeting. Sarasota FL, May, 2002.
O’Toole, A. J., Roark, D. & Abdi, H. (2002). Recognizing moving faces: A psychological
and neural synthesis. 43rd Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Kansas City,
MO, Nov, 2002.
Leopold, D. A., Bondar, I. V., O’Toole, A. J. & Logothethis, N. K. (2002). Exploring
face representation in humans and monkeys with high-level after-effects. European
Conference on Visual Perception, Glasgow Scotland, August, 2002.
O’Toole, A.J., Roark, D. & Abdi, H. (2002). Recognizing moving faces: A psychological
and neural synthesis. Vision Sciences Society: 2nd Annual Meeting. Sarasota FL, May,
2002.
Snow, S., Lannen, G., O’Toole, A. J. & Abdi, H. (2002). Memory for moving faces:
Effects of rigid and non-rigid motion. Vision Sciences Society: 2nd Annual Meeting.
Sarasota FL, May, 2002.
O’Toole, A. J., Leopold, D., Vetter, T. & Blanz V. (2001) Prototype-references shape
perception: Adaptation and after-effects in multidimensional face space. Vision
Science Society, 1st Annual Meeting, Sarasota FL, May.
Furl, N., O’Toole, A. J. & Phillips, J. (2000). The interaction of expression and identity in
face recognition. 41st Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society. New Orleans, LA.
O’Toole, A. J., Cheng, Y., & Abdi, H. (2000). Computational approaches to sex classification of Adults’ and Children’s faces. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 31, 1163.
O’Toole, A. J., Blanz, V., Vetter, T. & Wild, H. A. (1999). On the other side of the mean:
Perceiving the dissimilarity of faces. 40th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic
Society. Los Angeles, CA.
O'Toole, A. J., Wild, H. A., & Barrett, S. E. (1998). Gender classification and
recognition of children's faces without sex-stereotyped cues. 39th Annual Meeting of
the Psychonomic Society. Dallas, TX.
Deffenbacher, K. A., Johanson, J., Vetter, T., & O'Toole, A. J. (1998). The face
typicality-recognizability relationship : Encoding or retrieval locus? 39th Annual
Meeting of the Psychonomic Society. Dallas, TX.
O'Toole, A. J., Vetter, T., Volz, Salter, E. M. (1997). Three-dimensional facial
caricatures : Distinctiveness and the perception of facial age. 38th Annual Meeting of
the Psychonomic Society. Philadelphia, PA.
Deffenbacher, K. A., Vetter, T., Johanson, J. O'Toole, A. J. (1997). Relation of facial
caricature to aging, attractiveness, and distinctiveness effects. 38th Annual Meeting
of the Psychonomic Society. Philadelphia, PA.
Edelman, S. & O'Toole, A. J. (1997). Face distinctiveness in recognition across
viewpoint. Annual Meeting of the Society for Mathematical Psychology, University
of Indiana, Bloomington, IN.1
O'Toole, A. J. (1997). Current issues in computational modeling of human perception
and memory for faces: What's right about everybody's model? Annual Meeting of the
Society for Mathematical Psychology, University of Indiana, Bloomington, IN.
O’Toole, A. J., Vetter, T., Volz, H. & Salter, E. M. (1997). Caricatures of three dimensional
human heads: As we get older do we get more distinct? Supplement to
Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 38, 4662.
O’Toole, A. J., Vetter, T., Troje, N. F. & Bülthoff, H. H. (1996). Classifying faces by sex
is more accurate with 3D shape information than with texture. Supplement to
Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 37, 840.
O’Toole, A. J., Edelman, S. & Bülthoff, H. H. (1996). Face recognition over view-point
change. 37th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society. Los Angeles, CA.
O’Toole, A. J., Peterson, J., & Deffenbacher, K. A. (1995). An “Other-race Effect” for categorizing faces by gender. 36th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society. Los Angeles, CA.
Deffenbacher, K. A., Huff, D. P., Hendrickson, C., O’Toole, A. J., & Abdi, H. (1995).
Manipulating face gender: Effects on categorization and recognition judgment. 36th
Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society. Los Angeles, CA.
O'Toole, A. J., Deffenbacher, K. A., McKee, K., Huff, D., Valentin, D., & Abdi, H.
(1994). Face gender differences in the use of stimulus structure. Paper presented at
the Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, St. Louis, MO.
O’Toole, A. J. & Walker, C. (1993). Disparity as a visual primitive: The competing role
of surface percepts. Association for Research in Vision & Ophthalmology,
Supplement to Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 34, 2381.
O’Toole, A. J., Deffenbacher, K. A., Abdi, H., & Valentin, D. (1992). Categorical and
identity information in faces. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the
Psychonomic Society, St. Louis, November.
O’Toole, A. J., Deffenbacher, K. A., Valentin, D., & Abdi, H. (1992). Same and otherrace
facial characteristics mediating/moderating recognition memory. Poster
presented at the Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, St. Louis, November.
Abdi, H. , O’Toole, A. J., Valentin, D., & Deffenbacher, K. A. (1991) Generalization of
the linear autoassociative network and its implications for visual facial prototype
abstraction. 24th Annual Meetings of the Society for Mathematical Psychology,
Indiana University, Bloomington Indiana.
O’Toole, A. J. (1992). The spatial and temporal aspects of stereopsis. Association for
Research in Vision & Ophthalmology, Supplement to Investigative Ophthalmology
and Visual Science, 33, 1375.
O’Toole, A. J., Deffenbacher, K. A., Abdi, H., & Bartlett, J. (1990). Paper presented at
the Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New Orleans, LA, November.
O’Toole, A. J. & Kersten, D. J. (1988). What we learn to see when we learn to see
random-dot stereograms. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Optical
Society of America, Santa Clara, California. Technical Digest.
O’Toole, A. J. & Kersten, D. J. (1986). An adaptive connectionist approach to structure
from stereo. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Optical Society of
America, Seattle, Washington. Technical Digest, THEE4.
Invited Talks and Colloquia
O’Toole, A. J. (2010). Face recognition by humans and computers. 7th Summer School for Advanced Studies in Biometric Authentication: Forensics, Security and Remote Identification. Alghero, Italy, June 7-11, 2010.
O’Toole, A. J. (2010). Face recognition performance: Humans versus machines. Invited
Address. Face Identification Scientific Working Group (FISWG). April 29, 2010,
Orlando, FL.
O’Toole, A. J. (2009). Insights from the intersection of psychological and computational
approaches to face and body biometrics. Invited Address. IEEE Third International
Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems. Washington, DC.
Sept. 30, 2009.
O’Toole, A. J. (2009). Understanding the neural representation of facial identity and
viewpoint: A pattern-classification approach. Invited Colloquium. Center for Brain
Research, The University of Texas at Dallas. Dallas, TX, Aug. 31, 2009.
O’Toole, A. J. (2009). Face recognition by humans. 6th Summer School for Advanced
Studies in Biometric Authentication: Multi-modal systems and identity management.
Alghero, Italy, June 8-12, 2009.
O’Toole, A. J. (2009). Understanding the neural representation of facial identity and
viewpoint: A pattern-classification approach. Invited Colloquium. Center for Brain
Research, University of British Columbia. Vancouver, Canada, Jan. 30, 2009.
O’Toole, A. J. (2008) Human benchmarking of the Multiple Biometric Grand Challenge
video evaluation. Invited Presentation. At the Multiple Biometric Grand Challenge
Workshop. Mitre Corp., Mclean, VA, Dec. 4, 2008.
O’Toole, A. J. (2008) Comparing face recognition algorithms with humans: Benchmarks
from the Face Recognition Grand Challenge and Face Recognition Vendor Test
2006. Invited Presentation. At Robust Biometrics: Understanding Science and
Technology. Honolulu, Hawaii, Nov. 4, 2008.
O’Toole, A. J. (2008) Understanding the neural representation of facial identity and
viewpoint: A pattern-based classification approach. Invited Presentation, Dept. of
Psychiatry and the Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical School. Oct. 17, 2008.
O’Toole, A. J. (2008). Comparing face recognition algorithms with humans: Benchmarks
from the Face Recognition Grand Challenge and Face Recognition Vendor Test
13
2006. Invited Presentation, Biometric Symposium 2008. Tampa, Florida, Sept. 24,
2008.
O’Toole, A. J. (2008). Understanding the neural representation of facial identity and
viewpoint: A pattern-based classification approach. Invited Colloquium: Dept. of
Psych. Université catolique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Sept. 15, 2008.
O’Toole, A. J. (2008). Biological recognition of human faces. 5th Summer School for Advanced Studies in Biometric Authentication: New Technologies for Security and Privacy. Alghero, Italy, June 9-13, 2008.
O’Toole, A. J. (2008). Representing the visual information in faces: A view from the
other-side of the mean. Invited Colloquium Cognitive Psychology Speaker Series
(Cognoscenti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, January, 2008.
O’Toole, A. J. (2007). Biological recognition of human faces. 4th Summer School for
Advanced Studies in Biometric Authentication: New Technologies and Embedded
Systems. Alghero, Italy, June 11-15, 2007.
O’Toole, A. J. (2007). Benchmarking and fusing automatic face recognition algorithms
and humans. 5th IEEE Workshop on Automatic Identification Advanced Technologies.
Alghero, Italy June 7-8, 2007.
O’Toole, A. J. (2006). Psychological, computational, and neuroscience approaches to
understanding human face recognition: The Great divide. Computational Cognitive
Neuroscience Conference, Symposium on Face and Object Recognition, Are Faces
Special or Just a Special Case? Houston, TX, November 15., 2006.
O’Toole, A. J. (2006). Wandering through face space: Probing high level visual codes for
faces using adaptation. Invited Vision Sciences Colloquium, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, MA, April 7., 2006.
O’Toole, A. J. (2006). Face recognition: Humans versus machines. Face Recognition
Grand Challenge Meeting-2006, Arlington VA, March 22, 2006
O’Toole, A. J. (2006) Biological recognition of human faces. 3rd Summer School for Advanced Studies in Biometric Authentication: New Sensors and Large Scale Evaluation. Alghero, Italy June 12-16, 2006.
O’Toole, A. J. (2005). Evaluating Face Recognition algorithms against human
benchmarks. Face Recognition Advanced Study Workshop, Morgantown, WV, Nov.
11-13.
O’Toole, A. J. (2005). Shape and reflectance contributions to adaptation of human faces.
Invited Colloquium, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, March 10, 2005.
O’Toole, A. J. (2005). Partially distributed representations of objects and faces in ventral temporal cortex. Invited Seminar Speaker, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, March 9, 2005.
O’Toole, A. J. (2005). Wandering through face space: Explorations into the opponent
processes underlying face representations. The 4th Annual Conference on
Neuroesthethics, Jan.15, University of California, Berkeley, Museum of Art,
Berkeley, California.
O’Toole, A. J. (2005). Facial identity adaptation induced by reflectance- and shapenormalized
faces. Invited Colloquium, Department of Psychology, University of
Nevada, Reno, Jan.18, 2005.
O’Toole, A. J. (2004). Adaptation in a computationally derived face space: The role of
3D head structure and surface reflectance in face perception. The Fat Tire
14 Conferences Workshop on Face Recognition. The University of Texas at El Paso,
October, 2004.
O’Toole, A. J. (2004). Partially distributed representations of objects and faces in ventral
temporal cortex. Neural Computation ONR Investigators Meeting, Aug.19-22,
University of Nevada, Reno.
O’Toole, A. J. (2004). How well do people recognize faces: Establishing a performance baseline. 14th Annual CardTech SecurTech Conference, Advances in Biometric Technology and Testing, Apr. 26-28, Washington, DC.
O’Toole, A. J. (2003). Partially distributed representations of faces in ventral temporal
cortex. About Faces: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Science of Face
Perception. Princeton University, Sept. 18-21, 2003.
O’Toole, A. J. (2003). Invited Panelist, NSF Sponsored Workshop for a Biometric
Research Agenda. April 30- May 2, 2003.
O’Toole, A. J. (2003) Pattern-based classification of functional neuroimaging data. Invited
Talk, Perceptual Expertise Network Group, Vanderbilt University, March, 2003.
O’Toole, A. J. (2002). Recognizing moving faces: A Psychological and Neural Synthesis. Next Generation Face Recognition Workshop, RAND Corp., March Washington, DC.
O’Toole, A. J. (2002) Reconnaissance des visages: Chez L’Homme et chez l’ordinateur.
Université de Bourgogne, Invited Colloquium, April, 2002, Dijon, France.
O’Toole, A. J. (2001) Prototype-references shape perception. Invited Colloquium, Indiana
University, April, 2001.
O’Toole, A. J. (2001) Prototype-references shape perception. Invited Talk, Perceptual
Expertise Network Group, Brown University, November, 2001.
O'Toole, A. J. (2000). Quantifying the Human Face: Trajectories through face space. In
Symposium “Perceiving and remembering the human face. Invited Talk, American
Psychological Association Conference, August 4-6, 2000, Washington DC.
O'Toole, A. J. (1999). Caricatures, distinctiveness, and human representations for faces: Implications for improving the accuracy of machine recognition. Invited Plenary Talk, Second International Conference on Audio- and Visual Biometric Person Authentication, March 22-23, 1999, Washington DC.
O'Toole, A. J. (1999). Psychological representations and computational models of face
perception. Invited Colloquium Cognitive Science Department, Univ. of California
at San Diego, Feb. 12, 1999, La Jolla, CA.
O'Toole, A. J. (1999). Psychological representations and computational models of face
perception. Invited Colloquium Child Development Group, Univ. of Texas at Austin,
March 26, 1999, Austin, TX.
O'Toole, A. J. (1999). Psychological representations and computational models of face
perception. 24th Annual Interdisciplinary Conference, Jan. 31-Feb. 6, 1999, Jackson
Hole, Wyoming.
O'Toole, A. J. (1998). Computatiol issues in modeling human memory for faces. Invited
Colloquium, University of Texas at Arlington, Nov. 1998.
O'Toole, A. J. (1998). Caricatures of three-dimensional laser scans of human heads : As
we get older, do we get more distinct? 23rd Annual Interdisciplinary Conference,
Feb 1-6, 1998, Jackson Hole, Wyoming.
O'Toole, A. J. (1997) Gender classification and caricaturing of a three-dimensional
representation of human heads. Invited talk, Colloquium Series in Cognitive Science,
Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.
O'Toole, A. J., Vetter, T., Volz, Salter, E. M. (1997). Three-dimensional facial
caricatures : Distinctiveness and the perception of facial age. Eighth Annual
Australasian Mathematical Society Meeting, University of Western Australia, Perth,
Australian.
O’Toole, A. J. (1996). Psychophyiscal and computational studies of the perceptual face
categories of race and gender. Symposium on Face and Object Recognition, ATR,
Kyoto, Japan.
O’Toole, A. J. (1995). Face recognition across viewpoint. Third Annual Pre-Psychonmics workshop on Object Perception and Memory, Los Angeles, CA.
O’Toole, A. J. (1995). A perceptual learning theory of the “other-race” effect.
Neuroscience Colloquium Series, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
O’Toole, A. J., A perceptual learning/statistical structure theory of the information in
faces. Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics. Sept., 1993, Tübingen,
Germany.
O’Toole, A. J., A perceptual learning/statistical structure theory of the information in
faces. International Conference on Face Processing. Sponsored by the British
Psychological Association. Sept., 1993, Cardiff, Wales.
Abdi, H., Valentin, D., & O’Toole, A. J., Neural network models of face perception.
International Conference on Face Processing. Sept., 1993, Cardiff, Wales. 2
O’Toole, A. J., The structure of the other-race effect. Psychology Department Seminar.
Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 1993.
O’Toole, A. J., A neural network model of the perceptual information in faces. Institute
for Neural Computation Seminar Series, University of California at San Diego,
Department of Cognitive Science, May 20, 1993, San Diego, California.
O’Toole, A. J., The structure of the other-race effect. Special seminar in Cognitive
Science. University of California at San Diego, Department of Cognitive Science,
May 21, 1993, San Diego, California.
O’Toole, A. J., Recent psychophysics suggesting a reformulation of the computational
problem of structure-from-stereopsis. Workshop on Unsupervised Learning and Self-Organization in Vision, Neural Information Processing Society, December, 1991,
Vail, Colorado.
O’Toole, A. J., Attentional and perceptual learning explanations of learning effects with
random-dot stereograms: Implications for the computational problem of structurefrom-stereopsis. Cognitive Science Seminar, The University of California at Irvine
October, 1991.
Media Coverage of Research
National Public Radio “Science Friday” – Program Guest – Machines slowly mastering
the art of recognizing faces, January 22, 2010 .
feed://www.npr.org/rss/podcast.php?id=510221
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