© Copyright 2008 on all textual material held by Edward J. Harpham.
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Political Science 5352 Office Hours: M 4:00-5:00pm; F: 11:00-12:00am
Democracy: Government by the people; that form of government in which the sovereign power resides in the people as a whole, and is exercised either directly by them (as in the small republics of antiquity), or by officers elected by them. In modern use often more vaguely denoting a social state in which all have equal rights, without hereditary or arbitrary differences in rank or privilege. From the ancient Greek: demos: people and kratos: rule (Oxford English Dictionary).Republic: a state in which supreme power rests in the people, and their elected representatives or officers, as opposed to being government by a king or similar ruler. From the Latin res: thing or affair and publica: public. (Oxford English Dictionary). Overview: This is a course in empirical democratic theory. Its goals are threefold: first, to make students conversant in some of the major controversies in normative democratic theory over the past 200 years; second, to train students to understand how this theory has shaped empirical investigations in contemporary political science; and third, to understand how the findings of empirical research, in turn, have contributed to normative and empirical theory about democracy in political science. Requirements: This is a graduate seminar. Students are expected to attend class and participate in classroom discussion. Students are expected to come to class prepared to discuss the material assigned for the day. They also are expected to complete all assignments in a timely manner. Grading: Exam 1: 30%
Exams: The goal of the exams is to get students to integrate the material considered in class. Exams will be take-home, open-book exams comprised of questions given out in class. The Midterm will be due on March 12 at the beginning of class. The final will be due on May 1 at the beginning of the final exam period. Papers that are late will be lowered by one whole grade per day. If you can not get a paper in on time due to personal circumstances, contact Dr. Harpham immediately. There will be page limits to each question. Students may not talk to any one else about the questions except the professor. Failure to answer the questions by yourself will result in a grade of F. Questions will be handed out one week before the exam. Literature Review: Each student will write a 10-12 page literature review on a topic in empirical democratic theory approved by the instructor. Papers topics must be selected by January 29 and be completed by April 3. Students are encouraged to pursue topics that might help them research a dissertation topic or a conference paper. The goal is to bring together the theoretical controversies and empirical findings in a particular area of research. Literature reviews will be based upon a survey of relevant books and leading journals in political science and political theory over the past 25 years. Ten minute presentations summarizing these reviews will be delivered to the class in the final two class periods. Students must be able to justify why certain journals were used and others were not. The literature review should: Identify clearly a major topic in democratic theory. Identify the major themes and issues on this topic raised in the journal literature over the past 25 years. Identify and summarize the major approaches and methods used to analyze the themes and problems in the literature. Explain what you believe are the key ideas and problems that will shape the literature in this field in the future. Provide a fully annotated bibliography at the end using APSR style with embedded references. Students will deliver a 10-minute presentation summarizing their literature review at the end of the semester. Presentations will be graded based upon a student's ability to (1) identify the key themes and concerns found in the literature (2) and, clarity of expression. Students are encouraged to develop power point presentations and handouts where appropriate.
Class Presentations: Each student will be assigned at least 3 brief (5 minute) class presentations drawn from the readings in the class. Some presentations may be group presentations. The goal of these presentations is to engage critically the readings under discussion. Students should discuss their presentations with Dr. Harpham prior to class.
Required Texts: J.J. Rousseau's Social Contract (Hackett Publishers) J.S. Mill Considerations on Representative Government (Everyman Library) Joseph Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (Harper) Robert Dahl, On Democracy (Yale University Press) Robert Dahl, How Democratic is the Constitution? (Yale University Press) Dan Held, Models of Democracy, 3rd edition (Stanford University Press) Amy Gutman and Dennis Thompson Why Deliberative Democracy? (Princeton University Press) Morris P. Fiorina, Culture War?: The Myth of a Polarized America. 2nd edition (Pearsons Longman) Resources on the Internet: Democratic Audit: www.democraticaudit.com Freedom House: www.freedomhouse.com Initiative and Referendum Institute: www.iandainstitute.org National Endowment for Democracy: www.ned.org Global Barometer: www.globalbarometer.org University of Maryland Data Set: www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/polity World Bank Indicators: www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata Dictionary of the History of Ideas. www.etext.lib.virginia.edu/DicHist/analytic/anacV.htm
Other Recommended Resources: Arbladter, Anthony. Democracy. 2nd. Edition. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994. Bachrach, Peter. The Theory of Democratic Elitism: A Critique. Beetham, Davide. Democracy: A Beginner's Guide. Oxford: Oneworld, 2005. Carter, April and Geoffrey Stokes, Democratic Theory Today. Cambridge, Polity Press, 2002. Crick, Bernard. Democracy: A Short Introduction. Dahl, Robert A. The Democratic Sourcebook Dahl, Robert A.Democracy and Its Critics Yale University Press Dunn, John ed. Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Dunn, John. Western Political Theory in the Face of the Future. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979/1993. Lijphart, Arend. Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in 21 Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984. Lijphart, Arend. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-six Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. Mayo, Henry B. AN Introduction to Democratic Theory. New York: Oxford University Press, 1960. Pennock, J.Ronald. Democratic Political Theory. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979. Posner, Richard A. Law, Pragmatism and Democracy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003. Plamenatz, John Democracy and Illusion: An Examination of Certain Aspects of Modern Democratic Theory. London: Longman: 1973. Powell, G. Bingham, Jr. Contemporary Democracies: Participation, Stability, and Violence. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Sartori, Giovanni. The Theory of Democracy Revisited 2 vols. Chatham, N.J.: Chatham House,1987. Shapiro, Ian. The State of Democratic Theory Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005.
Political Science Journals: American Political Science Association Journals: American Political Science Review Regional Association Journals: American Journal of Political Science (Midwestern Political Science
Association) Political Theory Journals: Critical Review Other Political Science Journals: American Politics Research
Topics and Assignments: January 7: Course Overview
Sen, Amartya "Democracy as a Universal Value." Journal of Democracy 10.3 (1999) 3-17. Crick, Bernard. Democracy: A Short Introduction. Graubard, Stephen R. "Democracy." Dictionary of the History of Ideas. etext.lib.virginia.edu/DicHist/analytic/anacV.htm Hanson, Russell L.. "Democracy." In Terence Ball, James Farr, and Russell L. Hanson eds. Political Innovation and Conceptual Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. OAS: Inter-American Democratic Charter www.oas.org/charter/docs/resolution1_en_p4.htm Palmer, R.R."Equality." Dictionary of the History of Ideas. etext.lib.virginia.edu/DicHist/analytic/anacV.htm UN Resolution on Promoting and Consolidating Democracy www.demcoalition.org/pdf/55unga_promotion_democ.pdf Universal Declaration of Human Rights www.un.org/Overview/rights.html US Department of State: "What is Democracy?" www.usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/whatsdem/ Warsaw Declaration 2000 www.demcoalition.org/pdf/warsaw_english.pdf
January 14: Liberalism Required Reading: § Locke, Second Treatise Chapters 1-5, 7-13, 18-19 Additional reading Harrington, James. The Commonwealth of Oceana Sidney, Algernon. Discourses Concerning Government Adam Smith, Wealth of Nation Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence Tom Paine, Common Sense Tom Paine, Rights of Man J.S. Mill, On Liberty Boulding, Kenneth E. "Economic Theory of Natural Liberty." Dictionary of the History of Ideas. www.etext.lib.virginia.edu/DicHist/analytic/anacV.htmForiers, Paul and Chaim Perelman, "Natural Law and Natural Rights." Dictionary of the History of Ideas. www.etext.lib.virginia.edu/DicHist/analytic/anacV.htm Levin, Michael. "Social Contract." Dictionary of the History of Ideas. www.etext.lib.virginia.edu/DicHist/analytic/anacV.htmPlamenatz, John. "Liberalism." Dictionary of the History of Ideas. www.etext.lib.virginia.edu/DicHist/analytic/anacV.htm Post, Gaines "Ancient Roman Ideas of Law." Dictionary of the History of Ideas . www.etext.lib.virginia.edu/DicHist/analytic/anacV.htmJanuary 21: Marthin Luther King Holiday
January 28: Republicanism and Classical Democratic Theory Required Reading: Rousseau, Social Contract (all) Held: Chapters 2-3 Additional Reading: Marini, Frank. "Popular Sovereignty but Representative Government: The Other Rousseau." Midwest Journal of Political Science (Renamed American Journal of Political Science) (Summer: 1967). Putterman, Ethan. "Rousseau on Agenda Setting and Majority Rule." APSR. Vol. 97, no. 3 (August 2003): 459-469. Putterman, Ethan. "Rousseau on the People as Legislative Gatekeepers, Not Framers." APSR. Vol. 99, No. 1 (February 2005): 145-51. Scott. John T."Rousseau's Anti-Agenda-Setting Agenda and Contemporary Democratic Theory." APSR. Vol. 99. No. 1 (February 2005): 137-44.
February 4: The Idea of Representative Government Required Reading: Mill, J.S. Considerations on Representative Government (selections) Additional Reading: Mill, J.S. On Liberty Mill, J.S. On Utilitarianism
February 11: Rethinking Democracy in the 20th Century Required Reading: Schumpeter: Part IV Held: Chapters 5-6 Additional Reading: Backer, Gary S. "Competition and Democracy." Journal of Law and Economics. 105, 108 (1958).. Downs, Anthony. An Economic Theory of Democracy. Medearis, John. Joseph Schumpeter's Two Theories of Democracy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001. Planematz, John. "Schumpeter and the Free Competition of Power." In Democracy and Illusion. London: Longman, 1973. Pp. 95-129. Posner, Richard A. Law, Pragmatism and Democracy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003. Riker, William. Liberalism v. Populism: A Confrontation between the Theory of Democracy and the Theory of Public Choice Waveland 1982..
February 18: Modern Democratic Theory Required Reading: Dahl: On Democracy (all) Held: Chapter 1 Additional Reading: Dahl, Robert A. Preface to Democratic Theory. New Haven: Yale University Press. Dahl, Robert A., Ian Shapiro and Jose Antonio Cheibub eds., The Democracy SourcebookDahl, Ronbert A and Edward R. Tufte. Size and Democracy. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1973. May, J.D. "Defining Democracy: A Bid for Coherence and Consensus." In Political Studies, March 1979Plamenatz, John. "Democracy Misconceived: A Paradox." In Democracy and Illusion. London: Longman, 1973. Pp. 27-33.
February 25: Hand out Exam 1.
February 25: Representation Required Reading: Amy, Douglas J. "How Proportional Elections Work." www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/polit/damy/BeginnningReading/howprwor.htm Amy, Douglas J. "Types of Voting Systems." www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/polit/damy/BeginnningReading/types.htm Amy, Douglas J. "What is Proportional Representation: Do We Really Need It?" www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/polit/damy/BeginnningReading/whatispr.htm Amy, Douglas J.. "What are Voting Systems and Why are They Important." www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/polit/damy/BeginnningReading/why_are_voting_systems_important.htm Amy's, Douglas J., Proportional Representation Library." www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/polit/damy/prlib.htm Eulau, Heinz, John C. Wahlke, William Buchanan, and Leroy C. Ferguson, "The Role of the Representative: Some Empirical Observations on the Theory of Edmund Burke." American Political Science Review. VOl 53, No. 3 (September 1959): 742-56.
Additional Reading: Amy, Douglas J. Real Choices/New Voices: How Proportional Representation Elections Could Revitalize American Democracy 2nd Edition. Amy, Douglas J. Proportional Representation Library." www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/polit/damy/prlib.htm Bowler,Shaun, Todd Donovan, and David Brockington, Electoral Reform and Minority Representation: Local Experiments with Alternative Elections Gerring,John Strom C. Tacker, and Carola Moreno, Centripetal Democratic Governance: A Theory and Global Inquiry." American Political Science Review. Vol. 99. No. 4 (November 2005): 567-581.National Conference of State Legislatures. "Redistricting Information.." www.ncsl.org/programs/legman/elect/redist.htm Rush, Mark E. and Richard L. Engstrom , Fair and Effective Representation? Debating Electoral Reform and Minority Rights Kukathas, Chandran. "Are There Any Cultural Rights?" Political Theory (February 1992)Kukathas, Chardran. "The Rights of Minority Cultures: Rep;y to Kukathas." Political Theory. (November 1992) Kymlicka, Will. "The Rights of Minority Cultures: Reply to Kukathas". Political Theory. (November 1992). Pitkin, Hannah. "Representation." In Terence Ball, James Farr, and Russell Hardin eds. Political Innovation and Conceptual Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Pitkin, Hannah. On the Concept of Representation. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978. Pole, John R. Gift of Government. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1983. Pole, John R. Political Representation in England and the Origins of the American Republic, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971. Rosenthal, Alan, Bardett A. Loomis, John R. Hibbing, and Karl T Kurtz, Republic on Trial: The Case for Representative Government. CQ Press, 2002.
March 3: Exam Due at beginning of class
March 3: Democratic Theory, Federalism, and Texas Politics Topics and readings to be assigned.
March 10-15: Spring Break
March 17: Constitutionalism Required Reading: Dahl: How Democratic is the Constitution?(all) The Federalist Papers: Federalist 10, 39, 51, 63 US Constitution Additional Reading: Buchanan, James and Gordon Tulluck, The Calculus of Consent. Dahl, "James Madison: Republican or Democrat?" Perspectives on Politics. Vol. 3. No. 3 (September 2005): 439-48. Habermas, Jurgen. "Constitutional Democracy: A Paradoxical Union of Contradictory Principles." Political Theory Vol. 29, No. 6 (December 2001): 766-81. Rawls, John A Theory of Justice Rawls, John. Political LiberalismSheehan, Colleen. "Madison v. Hamilton: The Battle over Republicanism and the Role of Public Opinion." APSR. Vol. 98, No. 3 (August 2004): 405-24. Whittington, Keith E. "Interpose Your Friendly Hand: Political Supports for the Exercise of Judicial Review by the United States Supreme Court." American Political Science Review. Vol. 99 No. 4 (November 2005): 583-96. Wood, Gordon. "Democracy and the American Revolution." In John Dunn (ed.), Democracy: The Unfinished Journey 508-1993. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Pp. 91-105.
March 24: Elections in a Democratic State Required Readings: to be announced Special Assignments: Berelson, Bernard, Paul Lazarfeld and Mcfee's Voting: Final Chapter Berry, Brian J.L., Euel Elliott, Edward J. Harpham, and Heja Kim. Rhythms of American Politics. University Press of America, 1998. Burnham, Walter Dean. Critical Elections (selected chapters) Highton, Benjamin. "Voter Registration and Turnout in the United states." Perspectives on Politics. Vol. 2 No. 3. (September 2004): 507-15. Downs, Anthony. An Economic Theory of Democracy Jones, David R. and Monika L. McDermott, "The Responsible Party Model in House and Senate Elections." AJPS. Vol. 48. No. 1 (January 2004): 1-12.Key, V.O. Responsible Electorate (selected chapters) McDonald, Michel P. and Samuel L. Potkin, "The Myth of the Vanishing Voter." APSR vol. 95, No. 4. (December 2001): 963-74. Meffert, Michael F.,Helmut Norpoth, and Anirudh V.S. Ruhil, "Realignment and Macropartianship." APSR vo.l 95. no.4. (December 2001): 953-62. Niemi, Richard and Paul Herrnson. "Beyond the Butterfly: The Complexity of U.S. Ballots." Perspectives on Politics Vol. 1. No. 2 (June 2003): 317-26. Symposium: Assessments of the 2004 Presidential Vote Forecasts." Vol. XXXVIII. No. 1 (January 2005): 23-40. Symposium: Forecasting the 2004 Presidential Election." PS. Vol XXXVII. No, 4 (October 2004): 733-68. Thompson, Dennis F. "Election Time: Normative Implications of Temporal Properties of the Electoral Process in the United States." APSR. Vol. 98, No. 1 (February 2004): 51-64. Wlezian, Christopher. "On Forecasting the Presidential Vote." PS. Vol. XXXIV. No. 1 (March 2001): 25-31.
March 31: Special Interests and the Democratic State Required Readings: Held: Chapter 4 Special Assignments: Dahl., Robert A. Who Governs? New Haven: Yale University Press, 1960. Gunnell, John G.. "The Real Revolution in Political Science." PS Vol XXXVII. No. 1 (January 2004): 47-50. Key, V.O. Politics, Parties, and Pressure Groups. 5th edition. New York: Thomas Crowell, 1942-67. Lowi, Theodore J.: End of Liberalism 2nd edition (1979) McConnell, Grant. Private Power and American Democracy. New York, Knopf, 1967. Olsen, Mancur. Logic of Collective Action Schattsneider, E.E. The Semi-Sovereign People.Truman, David. Governmental Process (selected chapters) Warren, Mark. "What Does Corruption Mean to Democracy?" AJPS Vol. 48, No. 2 (April 2004): 328-43.
April 7: Deliberative Democracy Required Reading: Fishkin, Democracy and Deliberation Additional Readings: Barber, Benjamin J. Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984, 2003. Bohman, James. "Deliberative Toleration." Political Theory. Vol. 31. No. 6 (December 2003): 757-79. Chambers, Simone. "Deliberative Democratic Theory." Annual review of Political Science. Vol. 6 (June 2003): 307-26. Dryzek, John S. "Deliberative Democracy in Divided Societies: Alternatives to Agonism and Analgesia." Political Theory. Vol. 33. No.2 (April 2005): 218-42. Fung, Archon. "Deliberation Before the Revolution: Toward an Ethics of Deliberative Democracy in an Unjust World." Political Theory. Vol. 33, No. 3 (June 2005): 397-419. Gutmann, Amy and Dennis Thompson, Why Deliberative Democracy?(2004) Mueller, John. Capitalism, Democracy and Ralph's Pretty Good Grocery Store (1999) Nino, C.S. The Constitution of Deliberative Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. Pateman, Carol. Participation and Democratic Theory (1970). Pateman, Carole. Participation and Democratic Theory Sanders, Lynn M. "Against Deliberation." Political Theory. Vol. l, 25. No 3 (June 1997): 347-76.Urbinati, Nadia. "Representation as Advocacy: A Study of Democratic Deliberation." Political Theory. Vol. 28, No. 6 (December 2000): 758-86. Warren, Mark. "What Can Democratic Participation Mean Today?" Political Theory. Vol. 30. No. 5 (October 2002): 677-701. Warren. Mark E. "What Should We Expect From More Democracy: Radically Democratic Responses to Politics." Political Theory. Vol. 24, No. 2 (May 1996):241-70. Suggested Readings: Center for Deliberative Democracy http://cdd.stanford.edu
April 14: American Democracy, Culture, and the Culture Wars and Class Presentations I Required Reading: Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America (Selections) Morris P. Fiorina, Culture War: The Myth of a Polarized America Held; Chapter 9Additional Reading: "Culture War in America: Myth or Reality" In The Forum. www.bepress.com/forum/vol3/iss2/ Abizadeh, Arah. "Does Liberal Democracy Presuppose a Cultural Nation? American Political Science Review (September 2002): 495-503. Ansolabehere, Stephen, Jonathan Rodden, and James M. Snyder, Jr. "Purple America." Massachusetts Institute of Technology (September 2005).www.iq.harvard.edu/NewsEvents/Seminars-WShops/PPBW/ansolabehere.pdf Fleisher, Richard and Jon R. Bond. 2004. "The Shrinking Middle in the US Congress." British Journal of Political Science. 34: 429-451.April 21: Second Exam handed out/ April 21: Illiberal Democracy and Class Presentations II Special Assignments: Barber, Benjamin R. Jihad vs. McWorld: Terrorism's Challenge to Democracy. New York: Ballintine Books, 1995/2001. Diamond, Larry and Marc F. Plattner, eds. Global Resurgence of Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. Plattner, Marc "Globalization and Self Government." Journal of Democracy. (July 2002). Plattner, Marc. "From Liberalism to Liberal Democracy." Vol. 10. No. 3 (July 1999): 121-34. Plattner, Marc. "Liberalism and Democracy: Can't Have One Without the Other." Foreign Affairs. (March/April: 1998). Shattuck, John and J. Brian Alwood, "defending Democracies: Why Democrats Trump Autocrats." Foreign Affairs. (March/April 1998). Zakaria, Fareed. "The Rise of Illiberal Democracy." Foreign Affairs. (November/December 1997). Additional Reading: Benhabib, Seyla. "Borders, Boundaries, and Citizenship." PS Political Science and Politics. Vol. 38, No. 4 (October 2005): 673-77. Esquith, Stephen L. "Toward a Democratic Rule of Law." Political Theory. Vol. 27, No. 3 (June 1999): 334-56
April 28: Second exam due at beginning of class .
April 23: previewing comprehensives and thesis
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