HAND-HELD CALCULATORS

 

I.  Background:   TI – BA II Plus

 

A. Every time you begin a new calculation, remember to clear the previous worksheet.

 

1.   To clear TVM worksheet

            “2nd”  [CLR TVM]

            “2nd”  [Quit]

 

2.  To clear CF worksheet

           “2nd”  [CLR WORK]

     “2nd”  [Quit]

 

B.  Decimal Place Settings

The BA II Plus displays two decimal places by default. You can change how many decimal places the calculator displays.

 

To set the number of decimal places to four

Press

Display

“2nd”  [format]   4  “enter”

DEC= 4.0000

“2nd”  [quit]

           0.0000

 

C. Variables

There are six operational variables, which you can enter in any sequence. You can check the value of any of the first five variables during a calculation by pressing “RCL” and the variable key.

 

Variable

Meaning

“N”

Total number of payments periods

“I/Y”

Annual interest rate

“PV”

Present Value

“FV”

Future Value

“PMT”

Payment amount

“?”

Down arrow on calculator

 

II. Time-Value-of-Money (TVM): TI-BA II PLUS

        A.  Payment and Compounding Setting (P/Y; C/Y)

The BA II Plus defaults to 12 payments per year (P/Y) and 12 compounding periods per year (C/Y). You can change one or both of the settings to any number.


To set both the P/Y and C/Y to 1

Press

Display

“2nd”   [P/Y]   1   “enter”

P/Y=        1.00

“2nd”  [P/Y]    “?”  1  “enter”

C/Y=        1.00

“2nd”   [Quit]

                 0.0000

The above example shows annual compounding.

 

To set the P/Y to 12 and the C/Y to 4

Press

Display

“2nd”   [P/Y]   12   “enter”

P/Y=        12.00

“2nd”   [P/Y]    “?”  4   “enter”

C/Y=        4.00

“2nd”   [Quit]

                 0.0000

 

    B.  Examples

 

1.  Present Value of a single sum.

You want to receive $100,000 in five years. How much would you have to invest today at 6% compounded annually?

 

·        set the BA II Plus to 1 for P/Y and C/Y

·        Clear the TVM worksheet:

               “2nd”  [CLR TVM]

         “2nd”  [Quit]

 

Press

Display

100,000   “FV”

FV=        100,000.00

5             “N”

N=                    5.00

6             “I/Y”

I/Y=                  6.00

“CPT”    “PV”

PV=        -74,725.82

 

2.  Future Value of a single sum.

You invest $10,000 today at 6% compounded annually. How much will you get at the end of five years?

 

·        set the BA II Plus to 1 for P/Y and C/Y

·        Clear the TVM worksheet:

               “2nd”  [CLR TVM]

         “2nd”  [Quit]

 

Press

Display

10,000     “+/-”   “PV”

PV=       -10,000.00

5             “N”

N=                    5.00

6             “I/Y”

I/Y=                  6.00

“CPT”     “FV”

FV=         13,382.26

     

 

3.  Compute the interest compounded annually.

 

            Suppose PV=$20,000,  FV=$30,000,  N=5 years 

            Question:  What’s the annual interest rate?

 

·        set the BA II Plus to 1 for P/Y and C/Y

·        Clear the TVM worksheet:

               “2nd”  [CLR TVM]

         “2nd”  [Quit]

 

Press

Display

20,000     “+/-”  “PV”

PV=        -20,000.00

30,000     “FV”

FV=         30,000.00

5             “N”          

N=                    5.00

“CPT”    “I/Y”

I/Y=                  8.45

 

4.  To calculate annual income.

 

Assuming you will live 20 years after retiring at age 60 and will earn 8% on your investments. What will be your annually income from $1,000,000.00?

 

·        set the BA II Plus to 1 for P/Y and C/Y

·        Clear the TVM worksheet:

               “2nd”  [CLR TVM]

         “2nd”  [Quit]

 

Press

Display

 

1,000,000 “ +/- “ “PV”

PV=    -1,000,000.00

This is a negative number

20   “N”

N=                    20.00

 

8        “I/Y”

I/Y=                    8.00

Compounded annually

“CPT”  “ PMT”

PMT=      101,852.21

 

If you saved $1,000,000 by age 60, you could retire and receive $101,852.21 per year for 20 years.

 

   5.  To calculate monthly income.

 

If you are 25 years old, and want to retire at age 60 with $1,000,000.00, how much do you need to save each month? In this example, your savings account pays 6% interest, compounded monthly. 

 

·        Set the BA II Plus to 12 for P/Y and C/Y.

·        Clear the TVM worksheet.

 

Press

Display

 

1,000,000  “FV”

FV= 1,000,000.00

 

420 “N”

N=             420.00

12 monthly payments for 35 years

6  “I/Y”

I/Y=               6.00

 

“CPT”  “PMT”

PMT=       -701.90

 

III. Cash Flow Analysis   (CF):   TI - BA II Plus

 

Assume you have an investment of $7,000 that is projected to generate a 20%   return. Over the next six periods, the investment will generate the cash flows shown below:

 

Year

Cash Flow NO.

Cash Flow Estimate

1

1

3,000

2—5

2

5,000 for each year

6

3

4,000

 

Next you’ll access and clear the cash flow worksheet, enter the data, compute the IRR, and compute the NPV using an interest rate per period ( I ) of 20%.

Press

Display

 

[CF ] “2nd” [CLR WORK]    

CF0=           0.00

You must be in a worksheet before you can clear it

7000  “+/-“   “enter”

CF0 =   -7,000.00

Initial cash flow

“?”    3,000    “enter”

C01=     3,000.00

Cash flow for first year

“?”

F01=            1.00

Frequency of C01 is 1

“?”    5,000    “enter”

C02=     5,000.00

 

“?”    4          “enter”

F02=            4.00

Frequency of C02 is 4, which represents cash flows for years two through five

“?”    4,000    “enter”

C03=     4,000.00

Cash flow for sixth year

“?”

F03=             1.00

Frequency of C03 is 1

 

To compute the IRR (Internal Rate of Return)

Press

Display

 

“IRR”

IRR=            0.00

Look for the word “compute” in small letters at the top of the display

“CPT”

IRR=           55.63

Look for an asterisk (*) in the display

When the word Compute appears in the display, it means the only function you can perform is to compute the value of IRR. The * indicates a computed answer.

 

To compute the NPV, using a 20% interest rate

Press

Display

 

“NPV”

I=                 0.00

Look for the word “enter” in small letters at the top of the display

20     “enter”

I=               20.00

 

“?”   “CPT”

NPV=    7,625.99

Compute the NPV

When the word Enter appears in the display, it means you can enter a different interest rate. If you enter a different interest rate and press “?”  “CPT”, the computed NPV reflects the change.

If there is no initial cash flow, then the CF0 = 0. The following steps are the same.

 

IV.   HP - 10B

Before beginning a new problem, clear the display and financial registers by pressing

? [CLEAR ALL]  

 

A.  Variables

 

There are six variables, which you can enter in any sequence.

 

Variable

Meaning

“N”

Total number of payments periods

“I/YR”

Annual interest rate

“PV”

Present Value

“FV”

Future Value

“PMT”

Payment amount

“?”

Down arrow on calculator

 

B.  Compounding Frequency Setting (P/YR)

 

The HP-10B defaults to 12 compounding periods per year (P/YR). You can change the settings to any number.

To set P/YR to 1: Press 1 ? [P/Y]  

 

C.  Examples

1. Present Value of a single sum.

You want to receive $100,000 in five years. How much would you have to invest today at 6% compounded annually?

·        set the compounding frequency to 1 by pressing:    1   ?   [P/Y]       

·        Clear the TVM worksheet

Press

100,000    “FV”

5            “N”

6            “I/YR”

 “PV”

Result:    PV= -74,725.82

 

2. Future Value of a single sum.

You invest $10,000 today at 6% compounded annually. How much will you get at the end of five years?

·        set the compounding frequency to 1 by pressing:    1   ?   [P/Y]         

·        Clear the TVM worksheet

Press

10,000     “+/-“   “PV”

5             “N”

6             “I/YR”

    “FV”

Result:  FV=13,382.26

 

3.  Compute the interest compounded annually.

 

  Suppose PV=$20,000, FV=$30,000,  N=5 years 

  Question:  What’s the annual interest rate?

 

·        set the compounding frequency to 1 by pressing:    1   ?   [P/Y]             

·        Clear the TVM worksheet

 

Press

20,000     “+/-“  “PV”

30,000     “FV”

5             “N”          

 “I/YR”

Result: I/YR=8.45

 

4.  To calculate annual income.

 

Assuming you will live 20 years after retiring at age 60 and will earn 8% on your investments. What will be your annually income from $1,000,000.00?

 

·        set the compounding frequency to 1

·        Clear the TVM worksheet

 

Press

1,000,000    “+/-“    “PV”

20         “N”

8           “I/YR”

 

“ PMT”

Result: PMT=101,852.21

If you saved $1,000,000 by age 60, you could retire and receive $101,852.21 per year for 20 years.

 

5.  To calculate monthly income.

 

If you are 25 years old, and want to retire at age 60 with $1,000,000.00, how much do you need to save each month? In this example, your savings account pays 6% interest, compounded monthly. 

 

·        set the compounding frequency to 1

·        Clear the TVM worksheet

Press

 

1,000,000   “FV”

 

420  “N”

12 monthly payments for 35 years

6   “I/YR”

 

“PMT”

 

Result: PMT= -701.90

 

D.  Cash Flow Analysis   (CF)

 

Assume you have an investment of $7,000 that is projected to generate a 20% return. Over the next six periods, the investment will generate the cash flows shown below:

 

Year

Cash Flow No.

Cash Flow Estimate

1

1

3,000

2—5

2

5,000 for each year

6

3

4,000

 

Next you’ll access and clear the cash flow worksheet, enter the data, co