EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
I. Communication Modes
A. Continuum of Communication Modes-
Most visual to most auditory:
ASL, TC, cued speech, ____, aural/acoupedic
ASL is its own language and there is no _________signal accompanying the signs. The remaining Modes are all based on English.
B. Should we ask.... "Which method is best?"
Research by Geers and colleagues suggests that there’s not one best method-
Geers, Moog, and Shick (1984) METHOD
Evaluated 327 _________children, 5-8 GAEL. yrs, from Oral/aural and TC programs with the
Oral kids received the test in _____ mode and oral responses were scored. TC kids received the test in _____and response were scored by signs only, oral responses only, and combined signs and oral.
RESULTS
TC kids had lower oral scores than oral kids and lower oral scores than their signed scores.
TC kids had ____ sign scores and TC scores as the oral scores of oral kids. However, analysis by grammatical categories revealed significantly higher scores by Oral kids than sign or TC scores of TC kids in more than _____ of the categories.
CONCLUSIONS
They concluded that the ______ English did not develop simultaneously with manually coded English.
Geers and Shick (1988)
METHODS
Evaluated 50 TC kids, 5- 8 yrs, w/ HI parents and 50 TC kids w/ ______ parents with the GAEL.
RESULTS
At 5-6 yrs, both groups had same poor ________lang ability.
At 7-8 yrs, the kids with HI parents had a significant _______ advantage (spoken and sign) over kids w/ hearing parents.
This may be attributable to several factors, such as:
-Kids of HI parents got language input _________-r because parents may have already known sign
-Kids of HI parents got intervention _______ because parents were not going through grieving
Geers and Moog (1992)
METHOD
Evaluated 227 hearing-impaired kids, 16-17 yrs, from TC and Oral programs on a battery of __________, speech production, and language proficiency measures.
RESULTS
Kids from oral programs had significantly better ________and use of residual hearing than kids from TC programs regardless of the hearing status of the parents of the TC kids.
Although results suggested that auditory and speech skills better in kids that use spoken language daily other factors may have contributed to the results such as:
-_____ kids may have had earlier and more consistent use of amp
-Oral kids may have had greater ______support
C. Decision Models
Developed in an attempt to determine which children would be successful in using ____________communication.
Deafness Management Quotient- DMQ-
assigns points to different areas like
residual hearing,
central intactness,
________,
family,
SES,
conductive component.
Subjective.
Above 80 pts= ____program,
Below 80=TC program.
Spoken Lang Predictor- SLP-
pts assessed for
hearing capacity,
lang,
__________,
family,
speech comm attitude.
Emphasis on ________. Basically same pts.
Feasibility Scale for Lang Acquisition Routing- FSLAR-
7 areas
Pros for Decision Models-
1. directs _______ to relevant areas
2. comfort in using quantifiable scale
3. accounts for child's functioning
4. systematic _______ across programs
Cons for Decision Models-
1. _______ of total score not documented
2. some point assignments may be subjective
3. difficult to make one shot assessment- _______ over time
4. pts system give impression that ____ is better than TC- failure model
5. hearing status of parents not taken into consideration
Factors which support Oral Training-
good consistent ______,
early training,
high intelligence,
_______support,
assertive social skills,
high self-esteem.
II. Programming Options
A. Process for Placement
Referral
Parent permission to test
Testing
audiogram
cognitive assessment
_____ functioning
speech/lang test
auditory processing
academic
Conference for results
ARD-Admission, _______, and Dismissal meeting to determine placement
IEP-Individualized ________ Plan, or IFSP-Individualized Family Service Plan, is developed at ARD
Services are initiated
Annual _____ to review
Required 3 yr eval
B. Legal Issues
Public Law 94-142-
children with _______ should be served in the least restricted environment.
Public Law 94-457-
extends 94-142 to birth to 3 yrs population and adds family support- IFSP-Indiv Family_______Plan
Rehab Act of 1973-
Any agency that receives _______ funds must have accommodations for the handicapped
American Disabilities Act- ADA-
Extension of Rehab Act. Says that any public place,________funded or not, must provide accommodations for the handicapped
C. Levels of Program Options
1. Fully Mainstreamed-
Child is in class with ______-hearing peers and only followed periodically by a consultant
2. Fully Mainstreamed with ________ Services-
Child is in class with normal-hearing peers all the time but seen by ______- teacher 1 to 5 times a week
3. Partially Mainstreamed-
child in self-contained room w/ other HI and teacher for H of H but goes to some classes with normal-hearing peers for period of time every day Usually those with less_______requirements (PE, Music, Art)
4. ____________- in classroom w/ other HI children and with __________ all day. (In public school or residential school)