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Byrne, J.H. (1987)
"Cellular analysis of associative learning."
Physiological Reviews 67: 329-439

Byrne listed six criteria for identifying necessary, sufficient, and exclusive 
properties of neuronal elements supporting learning and memory:


changes in neuronal activity in a structure should correlate with
  behavioral changes

the time course of changes in neuronal properties should match that of a 
  specific phase of learning

the magnitude of the learning-specific changes should model the magnitude
  of some aspect of learning

lack of learning-specific changes in the absence of learning

blocking learning-specific changes should block learning

ablation of the learned response should follow ablation of the 
  structure